Standardization of Botanicals Volume-1

AUTHOR: Dr. V. Rajpal
PUBLISHER: Eastern Publishers
ISBN: 9798190018165
YEAR: 2002 – First Edition, 2004, 2008 – Reprinted
PAGES: 286
SIZE: 18.5 X 24.5 X 2 cm.
BINDING: Hard
LANGUAGE: English

ABOUT THE BOOK: There has been a resurgence in usage of herbal medicine in the past few years, not only among the traditional medicine users (ethno-medicine) but also among the modern consumers of herbal products. This is supplemented with all round growth of similar natural products among the nutritional supplements and personal care segments. The question of quality therefore acquires greater importance today than ever before.
While there are some books available on identification, description, pharmacological action, safety aspects etc. of medicinal herbs, very few books can be found on quantitative testing of medicinal herbs. This book fulfills that gap in knowledge base with detailed, ready to use and validated methods of analysis to be perfomed in a quality control laboratory. This book will be welcomed by all those who are concerned about the standardization of botanicals as it provides analytical procedures for extracts as well as phytochemicals.
This book is an attempt to provide, not only the quantitative testing methods but also chemical constituents, extraction processes, specifications of various extracts, therapeutic functions, dosage, pharmacological properties, toxicity/safety aspects and references. Volume I of this book contains 25 widely used medicinal herbs.
WHO SHOULD BUY THIS BOOK
    • Manufacturers of herbal extracts
    • Manufacturers of herbal formulations
    • Manufacturers of herbal cosmetics
    • Manufacturers of nutritional supplements
    • Testing laboratories
    • Research Institutions
    • Herb growers
    • Academic institutions
    • Regulatory affairs specialists

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Dr. Rajpal obtained his doctorate in phytochemistry in 1976 and since then has been associated with the herb processing and testing of botanicals, their extracts and phytochemicals in an industrial setting. He also provides consultancy services to various companies in this sector. He is presently working as a Technical Director with a company engaged in extraction of botanicals.

CONTENTS:
Preface

Acorus calamus
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Alternate Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Dry Extract-Powder (10:1)
    Estimation of ß - asarone in Acorus calamus Dry Extract by HPTLC
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Toxicity and Safety Aspects
    References

Aloe barbadensis Mill / vera Tourn Ex. Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Extraction process of Aloe Gel and Powder
    Specifications Sheet- (1) Gum Dry Extract, (2) Leaf Dry Extract, (3) Gel – stablised
    Assay (For Hydroxy Anthracene Derivatives)
    Assay (Mucilage - Mucopolysaccharides)
    Determination of Aloesin in Aloe Extract and Aloe Preparations by HPLC
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Indications
    Shelf-Life
    Uses
    Dosage
    Toxicity and Safety Aspects
    Reference

Andrographis paniculata(Chuanxintiant)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Dry Extract (Spray dried Powder), (2) Soft Extract, (3) Andrographolide
    Estimation of Total Bitters as Andrographolides in Andrographis Paniculata plant (Kalmegh) Extract
    Estimation of Andrographolides by Spectrophotometric Method
    HPLC Analysis of Andrographolide
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Contra-indications / Cautions
    Official Pharmacopoeial Preparations
    References

Bacopa monnieri (Herpestis monnirei Linn.)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Herb Dry Extract
    Estimation of Total Saponins as Bacosides A & B in Bacopa monnieri Dry Extract
    HPLC Analysis of Bacosides A & B
    Quantitative Determination of Bacosides by HPTLC
    Determination of Total Bacosides as Bacoside A by UV Spectroscopy
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Boswellia serrata
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Isolation of ß- Boswellic Acid
    Conversion of ß-Boswellic Acid acetate to ß - Boswellic Acid
    Specifications Sheet - Gum Dry Extract - Vacuum Dried Powder
    Method of Estimation of Boswellic Acid by Non-Aqueous Titration in Boswellia serrata (Sallaki) Dry Extract
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Cassia angustifolia Vahl.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Cassia angustifolia Leaf Dry Extract, (2) Sennosides - 30% To 60%
    Assay of Sennosides (USP-XXIV, P. 1517)
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Toxicity and Safety Data
    Dosage
    Therapeutic Indications
    Contra-indications
    References

Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban (Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn.)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Dry Extract (Vacuum Dried Powder)
    Estimation of Sapogenins as Asiatic Acid
    Assay by HPLC Procedure
    Estimation of Saponin by Gravimetric Method
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Official Pharmacopoeial Preparations
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Contra-Indication / Cautions / Warning
    References

Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
Syn. Vitis quadrangularis (Heliotropium indicum)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Stem Dry Extract
    Quantitative Testing
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Commiphora mukul Gum (Guggul Gum)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Guggul gum Soft Extract, (2) Guggul gum Dry Extract Powder 10:1, (3) Guggul gum Dry Extract Powder 5:1
    Estimation of Guggulsterones by Spectrophotometer
    Estimation of Lipids in Guggul Extract
    UV Spectrum Profile
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Side Effects
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Eclipta alba / prostata Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Herb Dry Extract, (2) Herb Soft Extract
    Estimation of Bitters
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Safety Aspects
    References

Garcinia cambogia
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Manufacturing Process
    Specifications Sheet - Dry Extract - Spray dried powder
    Quantitative Estimation of (-) Hydroxy Citric Acid in Garcinia cambogia Extract
    Estimation of (-) Hydroxy Citric Acid by HPLC
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process for Thick Paste/Powder
    Manufacturing Process - of Mono-ammonium Gylcyrrhizinate and Deglycyrrhizinised Liquorice Extract
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Root Dry Extract, (2) Root Thick Paste, (3) De-Glycyrrhizinated Liquorice Dry Extract, (4) Mono Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate, (5) Sodium Glycyrrhizinate, (6) Glycyrrhizic Acid, (7) Glycyrrhitinic Acid
    Estimation of Flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra Dry Extract and De-Glycyrrhizinised Liquorice Extract
    Estimation of Crude Glycyrrhizin by Gravimetric Method (Garret Method)
    Estimation of Glycyrrhizin by Spectrophotometric Method
    Estimation of Glycyrrhizic Acid by HPTLC
    Estimation of Glycyrrhizin by TLC – Densitometry
    Testing method of Mono-ammonium Glycyrrhizinate
    Manufacturing Process of Sodium Glycyrrhizinate
    Conversion of Mono Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate to Glycyrrhitinic Acid
    Conversion of Glycyrrhitinic Acid to Its Acetate
    Conversion of Glycyrrhitinic Acid to Its Succinate Derivative (Carbenoxolone)
    Process Flow Chart For Mono Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate [MAG]
    Process Flow Chart For De-Glycyrrhizinated Liquorice Extract [DGL]
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Side effects
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Gymnema sylvestre
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Leaf Dry Extract, (2) Leaf Purified Dry Extract
    Estimation of Crude Gymnemic Acid from Gymnema sylvestre Leaf Extract
    Quantitative assay method for Total Gymnemasaponin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
    An alternate HPLC procedure for estimating Gymnemic Acid
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Hypericum perforatum Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Dry Extract Powder, (2) Soft Extract
    Estimation of Dianthrones calculated as Total Hypericin
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Toxicity and Safety Data
    References

Mucuna pruriens
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Manufacturing Process of L – Dopa
    Specifications Sheet - Processed Mucuna Seeds Dry Powder
    Estimation of L-Dopa in Mucuna pruriens Extract
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Passiflora incarnata Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Soft Extract, (2) Dry Extract
    Estimation of Flavonoids by HPLC
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Toxicity and safety data
    References

Phyllanthus amarus Schum / fraternus Webster
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Soft Extract (Thick Paste), (2) Herb Dry Extract
    Estimation of Phyllanthin and Hypophyllanthin by HPLC
    Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Phyllanthus Species
    Estimation of Bitters as Lignan
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Picrorhiza kurroa
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Thick Paste, (2) Dry Extract
    TLC Procedure of Picrorhiza kurroa
    Estimation of Bitters as Kutkin In Picrorhiza kurroa Root (Kutki) Extract
    HPLC Procedure
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Polygala senega / tenuifolia
Polygala chinensis (Indian Senega, Meradu)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Soft Extract (Polygala chinensis) (Senega Indian), (2) Dry Extract Polygala chinensis (Senega Indian)
    Estimation of Total Triterpenic Saponins in Senega Root / Extract
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    Toxicity and Safety Aspects
    References

Tinospora cordifolia
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Dry Extract
    Estimation of Bitters in Tinospora cordifolia Extract
    Estimation of Cordifolioside ''A'' by HPLC Method
    HPTLC Analysis
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Tribulus terrestris Fruit (Gokhru)
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Processed Tribulus terrestris Dry Extract, (2) Tribulus terrestris Dry Extract
    Estimation of Total Saponins in Tribulus terrestris (Gokhru) Extract
    TLC Analysis
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    References

Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Dry Extract, (2) Soft Extract
    Testing Procedure For Saponins in Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi Dana) Extract
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Uses and Applications
    References

Valeriana wallichii
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Thick Paste, (2) Dry Extract
    Quantitative Estimation of Valepotriates
    Valerenic Acid Determination by HPLC
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    Toxicity and Safety Aspects
    References

Withania somnifera
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process
    Specifications Sheet - Dry Extract
    Estimation of Withanolides
    Estimation of Glycowithanolides
    Estimation of Total Alkaloids
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Contraindications / Cautions
    Therapeutic Indications
    Dosage
    References

Zingiber officinale Rosc
    Distribution and Description of the Plant
    Chemical Constituents of the Herb
    Extraction Process for thick paste
    Extraction Process for dry extract
    Specifications Sheet - (1) Thick Paste, (2) Dry Extract
    Analysis Procedure
    Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Clinical Research
    Therapeutic Functions
    Dosage
    Toxicity and Safety Data
    References

ANNEXURES
Annexure - 1 Herb Extraction Chart
Annexure - 2 Websites on Herbal Medicines

Index of Chemical Constituents