A Handbook of Landscape Gardening and Environment
ABOUT THE BOOK:
This book has been planned as a textbook for under-graduates and post-graduate
students of Agriculture science, Horticulture science and Forestry science. The
students as well as, Landscape-designers, nursery-men, un-employed educated
rural youths and housewives, whose are involved in growing of ornamental plants
or in gardening and raising of plant materials. The book covers all the topics
included in the syllabus of under-graduates and post-graduate courses of
horticulture not only in this country even in all such countries where the above
courses are studying and ornamentals gardening or Landscape gardening/designing
is in practice. The contents of the book have been divided into seven sections.
Section one-concept of landscaping and environment, section two-basic needs for
gardening, section three-landscape gardening, section four-landscape design,
section five-indoor/ foliage plants (decorative plants), section six- (I)
annuals (II) cut-flowers and section seven- environmentally protected
cultivation of crops.
Figure of garden tools, plants and gardens are enclosed in this book for the
identification purpose.
The author has described the parameters of landscaping, and how to control the
environmental pollution through plantation of trees, shrubs, climbers, hedges,
edges, lawns, house plants, seasonal flowering plants, water garden, hanging
garden, window garden. The author, on the basis of his wide experience, has
presented the material in a lucid style. Readers will find this book informative
and enjoyable and also as a guide for self-employment. This book is an attempt
to fill the gap amongst the growers, educated unemployed rural youths,
housewives and nursery-men. It is aimed at providing all relevant information
and technology under one cover, about the theory and practical work of modern
floriculture industry, landscaping and pollution free environment. It will
therefore, be welcomed not only in India but abroad also.
AUTHOR: Dr. Syed Mohboob Ashraf | ISBN: 9788177543841 | YEAR: 2010 | PAGES: 278 | SIZE: 18 x 25 x 2.5 cm. | BINDING: Hard | LANGUAGE: English
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Syed Mahboob Ashraf is at Present, Assistant Director in the Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh In 1987 he was awarded Ph D. In Horticulture form Narendra Dever Agriculture and Technology University Faizabad, U.P. He started his career as Research Associate of Horticulture, in the same year in the same University. 1988 to 1993, he served his services in the field of nsion and production of horticultural crops, as training Assistant and Training Associate in the CSAA Agriculture and Technology University, Kanpur and KVK (ICAR) Sultanpur. After that he joined Aligarh Muslim University as a lecturer of horticulture. His main hobbies include landscape designing. He is an accredited judge of flower shows. He has done editing and updating of Jame Urdu Encyclopedia, 6th edition, Science Uloom on Agriculture, published by National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt., of India New Delhi. Many books, research papers and articles on production technology of fruits, vegetables and ornamental corps, and value added products have been published. He also attended the congresses/seminars, and presented the papers on value added products of fruit and spices crops. He is life member of Horticulture Society of India.
CONTENTS:
A. SECTION ONE: CONCEPT OF LANDSCAPING AND ENVIRONMENT
1. Introduction
2. I Importance and Scope of Floriculture Industry
a) Indian domestic status
b) Cut and loose flowers
c) Ornamental Plants
d) Flower seeds and bulbs
e) Floral extracts
f) Dried flowers and plants
g) World scenario
3. Principles of Landscape Gardening
a) Fences for Utility and Beauty
b) Garden Gate
c) Garden Wall
d) Walks and Path
e) Garden bridge
f) Seat
g) Lawn
h) Rose garden
i) Rock garden
j) Water garden
k) Terrace garden
l) Children garden
m) Wild garden
n) Dish garden
o) Summer house
p) Green house
q) Arches and pergolas
r) Topiary
4. Role of Plants in our Environment
a) Environment
b) Role of plants to control the pollution
i. Pollution
ii. Dust Pollution
iii. Noise Pollution
iv. Sulphur Dioxide
v. Soil Pollution
vi. Water Pollution
vii. Parking Pollution
c) Strategies on environment management
B. SECTION TWO: BASIC NEEDS FOR GARDENING
5. Soil and Drainage
a) Sandy soil
b) Clayey soil
c) Loamy soil
d) Alluvial soil
e) Sandy clay
f) Red earth
g) Gravelly or rocky soil
h) Peat soil
i) Soil pH
j) Lime
k) Drainage
l) Moisture Retention
6. Climatic Requirement
a) Temperature
b) Humidity
c) Light
i. Long-Day Plants
ii. Short-Day Plants
d) Frost
e) Wind
7. Nutrients
a) Manures
i. Farmyard Manure
ii. Compost
iii. Leaf Mould
iv. Oil Cakes
v. Charcoal
vi. Limestone
vii. Tree Bark
viii. Sphagnum Moss
ix. Peat Moss
x. Perlite
xi. Vermiculite
xii. Liquid Manures
xiii. Wood Ash
xiv. Nutrient Contents
b) Fertilizers
i. Fertilizer
ii. Calculation
iii. Nitrogen
iv. Phosphorus
v. Potassium
vi. Minor Elements
8. Garden Tools and Implements and Its Function
a) Spade (phaura)
b) Hand-hoe (khurpi)
c) Fork
d) Trowel
e) Rake
f) Basket
g) Sieve
h) Label
i) Watering can
j) Secateur
k) Knife
l) Garden shear
m) Lawn mower
n) Lawn rake
o) Shovel
p) Wheel barrow
q) Sprayer and duster
r) Pots and trays
s) Earthen pots
t) Pots saucer
u) Plastic Pots
v) Fibre Pots
w) Poly Bags
x) Seeds Trays
C. SECTION THREE: LANDSCAPE GARDENING
9. Lawn
a) Selection of site
b) Soil
c) Lawn making
i. Land Preparation
ii. Drainage
iii. Seeds Sowing
iv. Planting the Grass
v. Dibbling Method
vi. Turfing
d) Maintaining the lawn
i. Mowing
ii. Manure and Fertilizer
iii. Watering
iv. Weeding
v. Rolling
vi. Raking
e) Aftercare
i. Thatch
ii. Control
f) Diseases
i. Fairy Ring
ii. Pale or Yellow Lawn
10. Hedges
a) Suitable shrubs for hedges
b) Agro-technique
i. Preparation of Soil and Trench
ii. Number of Cuttings Required
iii. Planting Time
iv. Planting Method
c) Aftercare
i. Irrigation
ii. Weeding
iii. Pruning
iv. Manuring
11. Edges
a) Planting and care
i. Watering
ii. Top Dressing
iii. Liquid Manure
12. Foliage and Flowering Trees
a) Purpose for selection of trees
b) Agro-techniques
i. Plantation
ii. Pit Digging, Filling and Planting
iii. Irrigation
iv. Manuring and Fertilization
c) Aftercare
i. Weeding
ii. Staking
iii. Tree Guards
iv. Gap Filling
v. Training and Pruning of Young
Plants
13. Foliage and Flowering Shrubs
a) Agro-technique
i. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling.
ii. Planting of Shrubs
b) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
iii. Training and Pruning
14. Palms
a) Kind of palms
i. Feather Leaved Palms
ii. Fan Leaved Palm
b) Agro-technique
i. In Pots
ii. Preparation of Potting Mixture
and Filling
iii. Transplanting of Plant
iv. In Bed/Field
v. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling.
vi. Planting
c) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
iii. Removal of Dried Leaves
15. Araucaria
a) Agro-technique
i. In Pots
ii. Preparation of Potting Mixture
and Filling
iii. Transplanting of Plant
iv. In Bed/Field
v. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling
vi. Planting
b) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
16. Cycas
a) Agro-technique
b) In Pots
c) Preparation of Potting Mixture and Filling
d) Transplanting of Plant
e) In Bed/Field
f) Preparation of Land, Pit Digging and Filling
g) Planting
h) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
17. Juniperus
a) Agro-technique
i. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling.
ii. Planting
b) Aftercare
c) Watering
d) Weeding
18. Pinus
a) Agro-technique
i. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling
ii. Planting
b) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
19. Thuja
a) Agro-technique
i. In Pots
ii. Preparation of Potting Mixture
and Filling
iii. Transplanting of Plant
iv. In Bed/Field
v. Preparation of Land, Pit Digging
and Filling
vi. Planting
b) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Weeding
iii. Training and Pruning
20. Flowering Climbers
a) Annual Climber
b) Climbers for Pots
c) Climbers for Fragrant Flowers
i. Agro-technique
d) Planting
e) Soil and Its Preparation
f) Pit Digging, Filling and Planting
g) Aftercare
21. Bonsai Culture
a) Suitable Plants for Bonsai
b) Agro-technique
i. Containers
ii. Soil
iii. Preparation of Soil
iv. Removal of Plant
v. Planting in Container
c) Aftercare
i. Care of the Plant
ii. Watering
iii. Pruning and Pinching
iv. Arrangement of Branches
v. Transplanting
vi. Manure and Fertilizer
vii. Dwarfing by Chemical
22. Cactus and Succulents Garden
a) Cacti
b) Succulents
i. Propagation
ii. Cutting
iii. Cultural Practices
iv. Soil
v. Climate
vi. Preparation of Pot
vii. Choosing the Pots and
Preparation
viii. Potting Mixture
ix. Time of Planting
x. Potting
xi. Repotting
xii. Watering
23. Hanging Garden
a) Baskets
b) Filling of Compost Mixture into Container
c) Suitable Plants for Basket
d) For Centre
e) For Trailers
f) Filling of Compost Mixture into Basket
g) Planting
h) Watering
24. Window Garden
a) Cultural Practices
i. Container
ii. Terracotta Boxes
iii. Wooden Boxes
iv. Plastic Window Boxes
v. Drainage Holes
vi. Suitable Plants
vii. For Flowers
viii. Trailing Plants
ix. Foliage Plants
x. Green Plant
xi. Filling the Box and Planting
xii. Watering
xiii. Window box maintenance
xiv. Aftercare
25. Water Garden
a) Lotus
i. Propagation
ii. Cultivars
b) Preparation
i. Pool/Pond/Tank
ii. Construction of Pond/Tank
iii. Planting
c) Plant protection
d) Insect Pests
e) Diseases
D. SECTION FOUR: GARDEN AND PARK DESIGN
26. Garden and Park Design
a) Plan la : Northern side of farmhouse garden
i. Pond: Waterproof, shallow 45-60 cm
deep, preferably of the wading type Lawn or sward
b) Plan lb : Southern and Eastern side of farmhouse garden
c) Plan 1 c : Western side of farmhouse garden
i. General
d) Plan 2: A Natural garden in the hill areas
e) Plan 3 : A natural garden in the plains areas
f) Plan 4 : Diagramatic landscape garden
g) Plan 5 : A small natural garden in a house
h) Plan 6 : A large house garden
i) Plan 7 : A medium sized house garden
j) Plan 8 : A large house backyard garden
k) Plan 9: A large guest house garden
l) Plan 10 : A house garden with small strips of land all
round
m) Plan 11: A large office garden
n) Plan 12 : A Hotel garden
o) Plan 13 : A Prayer hall garden
p) Plan 14 : A car parking design
i. Trees suitable for Car Parks
ii. Suitable for Central Verge
iii. List of Hardy Shrubs Suitable
for Car Parks
E. SECTION FIVE: INDOOR / FOLIAGE PLANTS (DECORATIVE PLANTS)
27. Indoor Plants
a) Agro - techniques
i. Pot
ii. Potting Mixture
iii. Transplanting of Plant
b) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Nutrition
iii. Staking and Training
iv. Hoeing and Weeding
v. Plant Growth
vi. Re-Potting
vii. Important Indoor plants
F. SECTION SIX: (I) ANNUALS (SEASONAL FLOWERS)
28. Seasonal Flowers
a) Winter Annuals
b) Summer Annuals
c) Rainy Annuals
d) Propagation
i. Raising of Seedlings in Bed
ii. Raising of Seedlings in Seed-Pan,
Wooden Box or Pot
e) Cultural practices
i. In Bed
ii. In Pot
f) Aftercare
i. Watering
ii. Staking
iii. Hoeing and Weeding
iv. Pinching
v. Top-Dressing
vi. Liquid Manuring
vii. Disbudding
g) Plant protection
29. Coleus
a) (Winter season foliage plant)
b) Propagation
c) Cultural Practices
i. Growing in Pots
ii. Preparation of Pots
iii. Potting Mixture and Filling
iv. Materials
v. Planting
vi. Planting Time
vii. Watering
d) Aftercare
e) Pinching
f) Top Dressing
g) Mulching
h) Training and Staking
i) Hoeing and Weeding
j) Liquid Manuring
30. Caladium (Rainy Season Foliage Plant)
a) Propagation
b) Cultivars
c) Cultural Practices
d) Soil
e) Climate
f) Growing in Pots
g) Preparation of Pots
h) Potting Mixture and Filling
i) Planting
j) Watering
k) Liquid Manuring
l) Aftercare
m) Mulching
n) Top Dressing
o) Hoeing and Weeding
G. SECTION SIX: (II) CUT-FLOWERS "RIGHT FROM BIRTH TO DEATH"
31. Rose
a) Propagation
b) Cutting
c) Budding
d) Budding Time
e) TechniqueJ
f) Operation on the Mother Planti
g) Operation on the Rootstock
h) Types of Rose
i) Tea Rose
j) Hybrid Perpetual
k) Hybrid Tea
l) Polyantha
m) Floribunda
n) Miniature Rose
o) Ramblers and Climbers
p) Cultivars
q) Hybrid Tea Rose
r) Floribundas
s) Location
t) Soil
u) Climate
v) Cultural practices
w) Layout of Rose Garden
x) Preparation of Rose Bed
y) Selection of the Plant
z) Planting Time
aa) Planting Spacing
bb) Planting Method
cc) Manure and Fertilizer
dd) Rose Mixture
ee) Irrigation and Drainage
ff) Pruning
gg) Aftercare
hh) Pruning
ii) Disbudding
jj) Faded flowers
kk) Rejuvenation of neglected plants
ll) Plant Protection
mm) Insect and Pests
nn) Diseases
32. Chrysanthemum
a) Propagation
b) Selection of Shoot for Cutting
c) Rooting Media and Environment
d) Lifting the Rooted Cutting and Care
e) Types
i. Larged-Flowered Cultivars
ii. Small-Flowered Cultivars
f) Cultural practices
i. In Pot
ii. Choosing the Pots
iii. Potting Mixture
iv. Materials
v. Preparation of Base Fertilizer
vi. Planting
vii. In Bed
viii. Preparation of Land
ix. Preparation of Bed
x. Planting
xi. Planting Time
xii. Watering
g) Aftercare
i. Pinching
ii. Disbudding
iii. Feeding
iv. Liquid Manure
v. Mulching
vi. Weeding
vii. Training and Staking
h) Plant Protection
i. Insects and Pests
i) Diseases
33. Dahlia
a) Propagation
i. By Seeds
ii. By Division the Tubers
iii. By Cuttings
iv. Selection of Shoot for Cutting
v. Rooting Media and Environment
vi. Lifting the Rooted Cutting and
Care
b) Cultivars
i. Double Cultivars
ii. Other Best Cultivars
iii. Single Cultivars
iv. Location
c) Cultural Practices
i. In Pot
ii. Choosing the Pots
iii. Potting Mixture
iv. Materials
v. Preparation of Base Fertilizer
vi. Planting
vii. Planting Time
viii. Watering
ix. In Bed
x. Preparation of Soil
xi. Preparation of Bed
xii. Planting
d) Aftercare
i. Pinching
ii. Disbudding
iii. Feeding
iv. Liquid Manure
v. Mulching
vi. Weeding
vii. Training and Staking
e) Plant protection
i. Insect and Pests
ii. Diseases
34. Carnation
a) Propagation
i. By Seeds
ii. Raising of Seedlings in Seed-Pan
or Pot
iii. By Cuttings
b) Cultivars
c) Cultural practices
i. Border or Outdoor Carnation
ii. Greenhouse or Florist Carnation
iii. Soil
iv. Climate
v. Preparation of Soil
vi. Preparation of Bed
vii. Manuring
d) Planting
i. Planting Time
ii. Planting Method
iii. Fertilization
iv. Irrigation
e) Aftercare
i. Trellising (Plant Support)
