Biodiesel and Jatropha Cultivation

AUTHOR: Satish Lele
PUBLISHER: Agrobios (India)
ISBN: 9788177542554
YEAR: 2008 - First Edition
PAGES: 311
SIZE: 14 X 21 X 2 cm.
BINDING: Hard
LANUAGE: English

CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
    a. Product Description and Uses
        i. Biodiesel Benefits
        ii. Description
        iii. Applications
        iv. Standards
        v. Transport Information
        vi. Personal Protection
        vii. Consumer Safety
        viii. Alternative Fuels Incentives and Laws
    b. The Economics of Small Scale Biodiesel Production
    c. Car Facts
2. Alternative Sources of Energy
    a. Benefits
    b. Drawbacks
    c. Uses
3. Feasibility of Producing Biodiesel as Diesel Substitute
    a. Biofuel Policy
4. Production of BioDiesel
    a. Raw Material and its Quality for the Production of Biodiesel
        i. Work Done in India
        ii. Lab Scale Projects
    b. Plant for Trans-Esterification of Vegetable Oils
        i. 1000 Liters per day Pilot Plant
    c. How the Trans-Esterification Process Works
    d. Catalyst
    e. Reclaiming Excess Methanol
    f. Manufacturing Process for Biodiesel
        i. First Stage
        ii. Second Stage: This is the base-catalyzed Stage
        iii. Washing
    g. Other Uses of Biodiesel
5. Blending of Esters and Diesel
6. Storage of Biodiesel
7. Handling of Biodiesel
8. Analysis of Technologies with Reference to Indian Resources and Requirements
a. Biodiesel Plant Suppliers
9. Engine Development and Modifications
10. Environmental and Health Effects of Biodiesel
    a. Emission Results of Biodiesel and Blends Tests on IDI Diesel Engine
    b. Comparison of Particulate Composition Diesel Vs Biodiesel (Rape Seed Methyl Esters, RSME)
    c. Toxicity and Safety Issues
    d. Diesel Emissions and Cancer
    e. Greenhouse Effect
    f. Nox and Biodiesel
11. Research and Development Issues
    a. Research and Development
    b. Raw Material
        i. Production of Improved Feed Stock / Raw-Material
        ii. Selection of the Crop for Production of Biodiesel
        iii. Developing Agro-Technologies for Different Agro-Climatic Regions
        iv. Oil Quality
    c. Production Technology
        i. Biodiesel Production
        ii. Biocatalyst
        iii. Heterogeneous Catalyst
        iv. Utilization of By-Products
    d. Utilization as Fuel
        i. Biodiesel Characterization
        ii. Compatibility with Additives
        iii. Compatibility with Elastomers
    e. Stability of Bio Diesel
        i. Engine Performance
        ii. Toxicological Studies
        iii. Adulteration
    f. Biodiesel Publications
12. Properties of Biodiesel
    a. Density / Specific Gravity
    b. Cetane Number
    c. Viscosity
    d. Distillation Characteristics
    e. Flash Point
    f. Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
    g. Pour Point
    h. Cloud Point
    i. Aromatics
    j. Stability
    k. Oxidation Stability
    l. Thermal Stability
    m. Storage Stability
    n. Iodine Number and Polyunsaturated Methyl Ester
    o. Free and Total Glycerol
    p. Mono-, Di-, and Triglycerides
    q. Ester Content
    r. Alkaline Matter (Na, K)
    s. Total Contamination
    t. Sulfur Content
    u. Lubricity
    v. Sulfated Ash
    w. Acid Number / Neutralization Number
    x. Water Content
    y. Phosphorous Content
    z. Methanol / Ethanol Content
    aa. Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR)
13. Material Safety Data Sheet
    a. Chemical Product
    b. Composition / Information on Ingredients
    c. Health Hazard Data
    d. First Aid Measures
    e. Fire Fighting Measures
    f. Accidental Release Measures / Spill Clean-Up Procedures
    g. Handling and Storage
    h. Exposure Control / Personal Protection
    i. Physical and Chemical Properties
    j. Stability and Reactivity
    k. Transportation Information
    l. Other Information
    m. Specifications and Quality Standards
    n. Test Methods for Biodiesel
    o. Proposed Biodiesel Specifications for India
    p. Engine Warranties and Biodiesel Approval Endorsements from Engine Manufacturers
    q. Fuel Quality Test Procedures
    r. Quality Standards and Specifications
14. Marketing and Trade
    a. Barriers for Biodiesel Introduction
    b. Present Availability of Non-Edible Oils
    c. Marketing Frame Work for Biodiesel
    d. Amount of Biodiesel to be Blended in Diesel
    e. Marketing Framework
    f. Trade of Biodiesel
    g. Availability of Raw Material of Desired Quality
    h. Chemical Treatment to Produce Biodiesel
        i. Transportation of Biodiesel to Selected Locations for Blending
    j. Blending of Biodiesel into Diesel
    k. Financial Support
15. Conclusion
    a. Recommendations
    b. Recommendations for Biodiesel
    c. Micro Missions Under National Mission
    d. Financing for Demonstration Project
    e. Assumptions
    f. Financing for Phase II, Self Sustaining Expansion of Biodiesel
        i. Preparation of Project
        ii. External Funding
        iii. Institutional; Arrangement for the National Mission and Demonstration Project
    g. Legislative Aspects
16. Biodiesel Project Report
    a. Product Description and Uses
    b. Market Survey and Demand Supply Position
    c. Manufacturing Process Description
        i. Brief Process Description
    d. Biodiesel Process in Detail
        i. Ingredients
        ii. Procedure
    e. Quantity of Methanol to be Used
    f. Treatment of Liquid Effluents
    g. Power Requirement
    h. Utilities Specifications
    i. Market and Selling Arrangements
        i. Production Capacity and Target
        ii. Cost of Project and Means of Finance
        iii. Land
        iv. Building
        v. Cost of Utilities
17. Bio-Gas Plant
    a. Operation
    b. Infrastructure Required
    c. Construction of a Bio-Gas Plant
        i. Criteria for Bio-gas Plant
        ii. Design of Bio-gas Plant
        iii. Location of the Bio-gas Plant
        iv. Construction of BioGas Plant
18. News in Press about BioDiesel
    a. President Bush's Energy Plan
    b. Public Sector Oil Firms to Buy Biodiesel
    c. Daimlerchrysler India to Enter New Phase of Testing Bio-Diesel
    d. Andhra Pradesh Government Introduces Draft Industrial Policy
    e. Centre Keeping Watch on Fluctuation in International Oil Prices: Aiyar
    f. Kochi Refineries Ltd. (KRL)
    g. Research at ARS
    h. Do not Look at Foreign Countries for Technology
    i. Biodiesel to be Retailed to Customers
    j. Successful Test of Bio-Diesel to Generate Electricity
    k. US Grant for Bio-Diesel Project in Karnataka
    l. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
    m. Mercedes Benz C Class Car
    n. Southern Online Biotechnologies Limited
    o. Is the World Really Running Out of Oil?
    p. Import Bill of India
    q. Biodiesel Fuel Station in Downtown Toronto
    r. President Bush told Lawmakers to Rely on Alternate Fuels like Biodiesel
        i. Rural Effort
    s. These Strategies are not Sustainable
    t. Feeding Cars, not People
    u. References
19. Glycerine
    a. General
    b. Burning Glycerine
    c. Separating the Glycerine
    d. Separating Glycerine/FFAS
    e. Purifying Glycerine
    f. Paintbrush Cleaner
    g. Soap
    h. Glop Soap
    i. High-Explosives
        i. Heart Disease Drug
    j. Love Potion
    k. Safe Sweetener
        i. Health Supplement
        ii. Other Uses
        iii. Disposal
    l. Purification
        i. Introduction
        ii. Description of the Plant
        iii. Bleaching Equipment
        iv. Performance and Consumption Indexes
20. D1 Oil PLC of UK
    a. Meeting Growing Global Demand for Biodiesel
    b. The Birth of a Global Biodiesel Business
    c. Management
        i. Directors
        ii. Non-Executive Directors
        iii. Consultancy Panel
        iv. Senior Management
            1. United Kingdom
            2. Africa
            3. India
            4. Asia Pacific
    d. Jatropha Curcas
        i. A Global Source of Renewable Fuel
        ii. History
        iii. From Folk Medicine to Green Fuel
    e. Jatropha Byproducts
    f. Jatropha Biodiesel
        i. The 'Alternative' Fuel
        ii. Greener Fuel
    g. Di 20 Modular Biodiesel Refinery
        i. History
    h. India: Potential for Lead in Production of Biodiesel
        i. Di Oils India: Vision
        ii. Business: Working with Partners
        iii. Di Mohan Bio Oils
        iv. The Science of Jatropha
    i. AFRICA Growing Jatropha: Cairo to Capetown
        i. Burkina Faso: A Million Hectare Target
        ii. Lesotho: Perfecting Upland Planting
        iii. Madagascar: Jatropha Island
        iv. Malawi: Working with Tobacco Farmers
    j. South Africa: Biodiesel is a National Priority
        i. Jatropha: Social Entrepreneurship in South Africa
    k. Di Asia Pacific: Strong Demand for Biodiesel
    l. Jatropha: Asia's Green Fuel Revolution
    m. Jatropha: Inter Cropping
    n. Thailand: Creating a Biodiesel Industry
    o. China: Let a Hundred Jatropha Trees Bloom
    p. Gulf: From Black Gold to Green Gold
    q. Saudi Arabia: Turning the Desert Green
21. Cultivation of Jatropha curcas
    a. The Chemical Analysis of Jatropha Curcas
    b. The Comparison of Properties of Jatropha Curcas (Vanaerand) Oil and Standard Specifications of Diesel Oil
    c. Physical and Chemical Properties of Diesel Fuel and Jatropha Curcas (Vanaerand) Oil
22. Oil Bearing Trees
    a. Selection of Jatropha Curcas (Vanaerand)
23. Types of Lands where it can Grow with Advantage and Potential of Plantation
    a. Climatic Conditions
    b. Soil
    c. Pre-Plantation Activities
    d. Germination and Planting
    e. Plantation
    f. Maintanance of Soil
    g. Maintanance of Plants
    h. Fertilzers
    i. Water Management
    j. Plucking of Fruits
24. Nursery Raising and Plantation
    a. Cost of Plantation
    b. Non-Forest Areas Proposed for Jatropha Curcas (Vanaerand) Plantation
        i. Some of the Suppliers of Jatropha curcas (VanaErand) Seeds and Samplings
    c. Propagation Methods
    d. Factors Influncing Crop Establishment of Plants Propagated by Different Methods
        i. Generative Propagation (Seeds)
    e. Sowing and Germination
    f. Nursery Raising
    g. Sowing of Seeds
    h. Transplanting
    i. Cultural Operations
        i. Irrigation
        ii. Fertilizer
        iii. Pruning
        iv. Hoeing and Weeding
        v. Pests and Diseases
        vi. Harvesting
        vii. Germplasm Management
        viii. Dormancy and Pretreatment
25. Establishment of Seed Procurement cum Oil Extraction Centers
    a. Extraction of Oil
    b. Oil Expeller Manufacturers
26. Business Model for Jatropha Plantation
    a. Working with Franchisee
    b. Product Development Centre (PDC)
    c. Biodiesel Plant
    d. Jatropha Byproducts: Creating Additional Value
    e. Building a Business in Feedstock and Biodiesel Manufacturing
    f. India: Potential for Lead in Production of Biodiesel
        i. Indian Vision
    g. Market: Great Demand for Biodiesel
    h. Feedstock: Huge Potential for Jatropha
    i. National Biofuels Programme: Our Contribution
        i. Meeting Growing Global Demand for Non Edible Vegetable Oil and Biodiesel
        ii. The Birth of a Global Biodiesel Business
        iii. Putting Back what we take Out
    j. Energy: Biodiesel for Sustainable Transport
    k. Jatropha Curcas: A Global Source of Renewable Fuel
    l. Meeting Biodiesel Demand
        i. Why Europe cannot Grow Enough Energy Crops
        ii. Jatropha Biodiesel: The Alternative Fuel
        iii. Greener Fuel
        iv. Global Biodiesel Market: Set for Growth
        v. Biodiesel in Asia
        vi. Biodiesel in Africa
        vii. Biodiesel in the America
        viii. Biodiesel in Europe: Imports will Drive Demand
27. Institutes where Research is going on about Jatropha
28. News From Press about Jatropha
    a. President of India Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam on the Occasion of the Commencement of ONGC's Golden Jubilee Year
    b. Tamil Nadu Leads in Bio-Technology especially in Large Scale Cultivation is Stimulated by the Government of Tamil Nadu
    c. Tapping Jatropha Plants for Bio-fuel
    d. Bioremediation for Mined Land to Grow Biodiesel Feedstock
    e. President Plants Jatropha Sapling in Rashtrapati Bhavan
    f. Jatropha takes Root, Worries Flower
    g. Andhra Pradesh takes the Lead
    h. CM of Andhra Pradesh for Biodiesel Revolution after Green Revolution
    i. Reliance Industries Ltd to Enter Bio-Fuel
    j. Reliance Industries Ltd's Interest Affirms There's Economics in it
    k. Saboo Dam (Physic Nut)
    l. Emami Eyes Jatropha Biz
29. Carbon Credit
    a. Quick Introduction to Carbon Credits
        i. Clean Development Mechanism
        ii. Trading in Carbon Credits